How the Dayak Research Center (DRC) Prioritizes and Relies on Data as the Source and Basis for Analysis in Its Research Processes and Methods

The founders and foundational figures of the Dayak Research Center (DRC) in the DRC workspace at ITKK Sekadau. From right to left: Musa Narang, Albertus Imas, Masri Sareb Putra, Adil Bertus, and Laurensius Tobing. Stefanus Masiun is not visible. Image credit: RuaiTV. This meeting took place on December 11, 2024.

The Dayak Research Center (DRC): SEKADAU:  James B. Conant (1962) asserted that science progresses by collecting, classifying, and interpreting data. 

Conant emphasized that this process is fundamental to the development of scientific knowledge, serving as the bedrock upon which hypotheses and theories are built. Without a systematic approach to handling data, scientific inquiry would lack the clarity and structure necessary to yield meaningful insights. 

Research Deemed Valid and Reliable by James B. Conant: Starting from Data

Data, initially, are given — something that exists objectively, independent of any specific theory or system. These data are scattered around us and often meaningless until humans make an effort to collect, categorize, systematize, and assign meaning to them.

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For instance, in historical research, data may include documents, archives, or archaeological evidence containing information about the past. These data need to be carefully analyzed and organized to produce valid and useful information. Once data are collected and given meaning, they can be processed into more structured information. This information, in turn, evolves into knowledge when there is a deep understanding of what is known (know what) and how to apply it (know-how).

Theory as a Tool, Not a Constraint

While data serve as the starting point and central focus of scientific research, according to Conant, theory still plays an important role in providing a framework for interpreting data. However, in Conant's view, theory should not be applied rigidly or dogmatically. Instead, it should be used as a tool to understand and explain data, often being more flexible and adaptive in addressing complex realities.

Theory should not be a binding system but rather an "ad hoc hypothesis" used only to provide a temporary explanation based on existing data. In scientific practice, theory should follow — not precede — data. Therefore, in valid research, theory should not distort or impose specific interpretations on the available data but should instead build an understanding consistent with the reality revealed by the data.

Positivism in the Context of Research

Conant's emphasis on data as the centerpiece of research stems from the philosophy of positivism, a school of thought that holds that scientific knowledge must be based on observable and verifiable empirical data. Positivism emphasizes that science is an activity of collecting and interpreting data grounded in recognized facts. Thus, research should avoid using speculative or untestable theories. Researchers should focus more on gathering existing data, categorizing it, and attempting to draw logical conclusions from it.

In this approach, the validity and reliability of scientific research depend heavily on the integrity of the data collected. Carefully observed empirical data become the foundation for generating broader understanding, while theory serves only as a tool to explain relationships and patterns revealed by the data. In this way, Conant highlights that data are the primary elements underpinning valid and reliable research. Although theory is important, it plays only a secondary role in providing context and meaning to the data.

The Role of the Dayak Research Center (DRC) in Data-Based Research

The Dayak Research Center (DRC) adopts the principles of data-based research in its efforts to preserve, document, and analyze the cultural wealth and knowledge of the Dayak people. In its research processes, the DRC focuses on collecting diverse and authentic data, including ethnographic, historical, linguistic, and traditional ecological data. These data are gathered through in-depth interviews, field observations, document studies, and analyses of cultural artifacts.

The DRC also ensures that the data obtained are processed systematically and transparently. The use of modern technology, such as data analysis software and geographic mapping tools, is an integral part of their research process. This ensures that the research findings are not only academically relevant but also beneficial to local communities and sustainable development.

Furthermore, the DRC emphasizes an adaptive approach to theory, ensuring that the collected data serve as the foundation for formulating new understandings. This aligns with Conant's view that theory should serve data, not the other way around. As a result, the DRC's research is not only methodologically valid but also reliable in providing deep insights into the social and cultural realities of the Dayak people.

Implications for Modern Research

Conant's approach is relevant across various disciplines, including natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. In modern research, the use of technology for data collection, such as big data analytics, computer modeling, or remote sensing, further underscores the importance of data as the foundation of research. Researchers in the digital era face the challenge of verifying data from diverse sources and ensuring that the data are processed transparently.

Additionally, Conant's approach teaches the importance of critical attitudes toward the theories used. In an information era rife with biases and subjective interpretations, a data-driven approach provides a means to maintain objectivity and prevent manipulation of research results for particular interests. Therefore, researchers must possess expertise not only in data analysis but also in integrating data with theory in a wise and non-dogmatic manner.

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With a strong focus on data and a flexible approach to theory, valid research, as defined by Conant, can serve as a model for advancing trustworthy and relevant scientific knowledge in addressing contemporary challenges.

The Dayak’s Path to Progress: The Need for Research-Based Development

For the Dayak people to advance in various aspects of life—economically, socially, and culturally—they must adopt a research-based approach to understand their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). Without proper research, development efforts risk being ineffective, misguided, or even detrimental to the community's long-term sustainability.

1. Understanding Strengths and Weaknesses
   Every society has inherent strengths that can be leveraged for growth. The Dayak people possess rich traditions, extensive knowledge of their environment, and a deep-rooted sense of community. Their expertise in sustainable agriculture, craftsmanship, and natural resource management can serve as a strong foundation for progress. However, without identifying internal weaknesses—such as gaps in education, financial literacy, or access to modern technology—these strengths may not translate into long-term advancement. Research helps pinpoint these gaps, enabling precise and effective solutions.
   
   
   
2. Seizing Opportunities and Mitigating Threats
   Globalization and technological advancements present new opportunities for the Dayak people. The rising interest in indigenous wisdom, eco-tourism, and organic products creates avenues for economic growth. However, without research, these opportunities may remain untapped. Additionally, external threats such as deforestation, land encroachment, and economic exploitation continue to challenge Dayak sovereignty. A well-researched strategy ensures that the community can proactively tackle these threats rather than reacting too late.
   
   
   
3. Why a Research-Based Approach Matters
   
   Empirical data and structured research provide the foundation for informed decision-making. Governments, NGOs, and investors rely on data to allocate resources effectively. If the Dayak people do not base their development on research, they risk being sidelined in policy-making and economic planning. A research-driven approach ensures that every step taken aligns with their best interests, preserving their identity while embracing modernity.

Progress is not about abandoning tradition but about using knowledge to shape a stronger future. The Dayak must recognize that research is not just for academics—it is a tool for empowerment. By systematically analyzing their SWOT, they can create sustainable strategies that secure their place in an ever-changing world.

-- Rangkaya Bada